You can catch a ferry to Alcudia from Menorca. Many spots are reachable by bus; while transportation between the major holiday resorts is no problem, especially medium- and long-distance services may be as sparse as one bus per week; many bus routes are not served at all on Sundays, in the lower season and during the night. Schedules are available online. Rural halts tend to be far away from town centres, but there are usually bus shuttles available. Cars can be rented in many tourist towns, especially along the coast.
Unless in high season, when you should book your rental in advance if you want to ensure getting one, hiring a car directly at the airport without reservation shouldn't be any problem at all. However, as "at desk" rental prices are often far higher than booking in advance it may be prudent to organise it from home before you arrive. This is what the most people come for. The main tourist areas are on the southern and eastern coast but places may be crowded in high season.
Mallorca has beautiful white sand and crystal water beaches, so most are base for package tourists nowadays. In more remote areas you might find very rarely visited beaches. More secluded and quiet beaches can be found on the island but expect a difficult route and minimal parking. If you find yourself in Palma, looking for a quieter beach than the 5 km strand Platja de Palma , take the line 3 of the town's public bus company "EMT" blue and white buses all the way to its Western terminus "Illetes", which is simply called Playa.
It is a wonderful little cove set about by rocks, with a local restaurant right on the beach. There are other coves in either direction, but this is the most welcoming. Formentor peninsula. Located deep within a cove with high mountains on both sides of the water. Spectacular view. Small secluded beach with fine white sand. Transparent water. Beautiful beach on the north west coast of Mallorca. Fine grained white sand and very clear water. A beautiful meters long beach with fine sand and clear water.
New and stylish promenade is close. A large, not developed, beach with fine white sand and crystal clear water. Protected area now. A quiet, hardly developed beach. An alternative to overcrowded beaches. Finest sand, turquoise water. A very long, little known, virgin beach without facilities on the north east coast of Mallorca.
Several caves are open to the public, the Dragon Caves Coves del Drach in mallorquin being the most visited. In spring the island's roads are popular with several professional teams in preparation for the next season.
The island's capital offers the famous cathedral as well as a nice city centre to stroll around. Cultural visits, shore excursions and trips to the Jewish quarter and other sites and villages around the Island. There are eighteen, 18 hole golf courses on the island that are open to the general public. S'Abulfera is a large salt marsh near the town of Alcudia.
Large numbers of bird species can be seen, including many species of heron, waders, ducks and warblers. Palma was founded as a Roman camp upon the remains of a Talaiotic settlement. The turbulent history of the city saw it the subject of several Vandal sackings during the fall of the Roman Empire, then reconquered by the Byzantine, then colonised by the Moors who called it Medina Mayurqa , and finally established by James I of Aragon.
After the conquest of Majorca , it was loosely incorporated into the province of Tarraconensis by BC; the Romans founded two new cities: Palma on the south of the island, and Pollentia in the northeast - on the site of a Phoenician settlement. Though no visible remains of this period are seen in present day Palma, archaeological discoveries still occur whenever excavating under the city centre.
Though the period between the fall of the Western Roman Empire and the Muslim conquest is not well known due to lack of documents , there is clear evidence of Byzantine presence in the city, as indicated by mosaics found in the oldest parts of the Cathedral, which was in early medieval times a paleo-Christian temple.
The arrival of Moors in the Balearic Islands occurred at the beginning of the 8th century. During this period, the population developed an economy based on self-sufficiency and piracy, and even showed evidence of a relative hierarchy.
The dominant groups took advantage of the Byzantine withdrawal due to Islamic expansion, to reinforce their domination upon the rest of the population, thus ensuring their power and the gradual abandonment of Imperial structures.
In , a Muslim fleet, under the command of Abd Allgaht ibn Musa, son of the governor of Ifriqiya, Musa ibn Nusayr, stopped at the island. It appears that Abd Allah convinced the factional powers of the city to accept a peace treaty. This treaty granted, in exchange for a tax, respect for social, economic and political structures to the communities that subscribed it, as well as the continuity of their religious beliefs..
After , the city was inhabited by Christians who were nominally in allegiance to the sovereignty of the Caliphate of Damascus, yet who, de facto , enjoyed an absolute autonomy.
The city, being in Majorca, constituted an enclave between westernChristian and Islamic territories, and this attracted and encouraged increased levels of piracy in the surrounding waters. For wide sectors of the city's population, the sacking of ships whether Muslim or Christian which passed through Balearic waters, was the first source of riches during the next fifteen decades. Eventually, the continued piracy in the region lead to retaliation by Al-Andalus which launched its naval power against the city and the whole of the Islands.
The Islands were defended by the emperor Charlemagne in from a Saracen pirate incursion. As the city still occupied an eccentric position regarding the commerce network established by the Caliph in the western Mediterranean, the enclave was not immediately incorporated into Al-Andalus.
The logical consequence of this evolution was the substitution of the submission treaty by the effective incorporation of the islands to the Islamic state. This incorporation took place in the last years of the Emirate. The incorporation of the city to the Emirate sets the basis for a new social organisation, far more articulated and complex than before.
Commerce and manufacture developed in a manner that was unknown previously. The Umayyad regime, despite its administrative centralisation, mercenary army and struggle to gain wider social support, could neither harmonise the various ethnic groups inside al-Andalus nor dissolve the old tribal bounds which still organised sporadic ethnic in-fighting. During the 11th century, the Caliphate's control waned considerably. According to their origin, these "taifas" can be grouped under three broad categories: Arabian, Berber , or Slavic origin.
Subsequently, Muyahid organised a campaign throughout the Balearic Islands to consolidate this district and incorporated them to its "taifa" in early During the following years Palma became the main port from where attacks on Christian vessels and coasts could be launched.
Palma was the base from where a campaign against Sardinia was launched between and , which caused the intervention of Pisans and Genoese forces. Later, this intervention set the basis for Italian mercantile penetration of the city. The Denian dominion lasted until , a period during which the city, as well as the rest of the islands, was relatively peaceful.
Their supremacy at sea was still not rivalled by the Italian merchant republics, thus there were few external threats. The Islands got unbound from peninsular dominion and for a short time, enjoyed independence, during which Medina Mayurqa was the capital.
The economy during this period depended on both agriculture and piracy. In the latter 11th century, Christian commercial powers took the initiative at sea against the Muslims. After centuries of fighting defensively in the face of Islamic pressure, Italians, Catalans and Occitans took offensive action. Consequently, the benefits of piracy diminished causing severe economic stress on the city.
The clearest proof of the new ruling relation of forces, from , is the Crusade organised by the most important mercantile cities of the Christian states against the Islands. This effort was destined to finally eradicate Muslim piracy mainly based in Palma and surrounding havens.
In , Palma was sacked and later abandoned by an expedition commanded by Ramon Berenguer III the Great, count of Barcelona and Provence , which comprised Catalans, Pisans and other Italians, and soldiers from Provence, Corsica , and Sardinia, in a struggle to end Almoravid control.
After this, the Islands became part of the Almoravid Caliphate. The inglobement of all the taifa to a larger state helped to re-establish a balance along the frontier that separated western Christian states from the Muslim world.
The situation changed in the midth century, when the Almoravids , were displaced from al-Andalus and western Maghreb by the Almohad. Almoravid dominions, from on, were restricted to the Balearic Islands , with Palma again acting as the capital, governed by Muhammad ibn Ganiya.
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